More information provided by NAU American Southwest Virtual Museum:

With the exception of Lino Black-on-gray, a Tusayan Gray Ware that some ceramicists include with Tusayan White Ware, Kana’a Black-on-white is the earliest type in the Tusayan White Ware series, and is found in the greater part of northeastern Arizona between the Little Colorado River and the San Juan River.

Archaeological Culture: Ancestral Puebloan, Kayenta

Date Range: Kayenta Heartland: A.D. 800-1050 (Christenson 1994), Flagstaff Region: A.D. 825-1025 (per Christian Downum, Northern Arizona University).

Construction: By coiling.

Firing: In a reducing atmosphere.

Core Color: Light gray.

Carbon Streak: Common.

Temper: Fairly abundant quartz sand; sometimes conspicuous on undecorated surfaces.

Surface Finish: Bowl exteriors scraped, scraping marks usually visible; interior bowls and exterior jars polished, somewhat bumpy; both surfaces bowls and exterior jar surfaces rarely slipped (white); slipped surfaces frequently coarsely crazed.

Surface Color: Bluish white, creamy white, or white.

Forms: Bowls, jars, seed jars, pitchers.

Vessel Thickness: 2.7 to 5.9 mm (bowls); 2.1 to 6.2 mm (jars).

Decoration:

• Paint: Black, usually fairly dense, often watery, sometimes with brownish or purplish tint.


• Pigments: Carbon.


• Design: Bowl interiors and jar exteriors only; fine straight lines, sometimes singly, more often parallel series of 3 to 10 lines, about 4 to 10 mm apart; lines almost always carry over slightly at junctions; small solid triangles, either isosceles or elongated, sometimes with hooks; pendent dots and ticks or pinnate lines frequent; characterized by crude brushwork.

Comparisons: Lino Black-on-gray, never slipped or polished; gritty surface, gray color, design cruder. Red Mesa, Kiatuthlanna, and Dead River Black-on-white all have mineral paint but with similar designs.

Other Names: Slab-house Black-on-white; Pre-Pueblo Black-on-white; Pueblo I Black-on-white; 1st Tusayan; Western Pueblo I Black-on-white.

(Oppelt 2007:79): Kana'a Black-on-white (AD 725-950/1000) This type ranges over most of northeastern Arizona from the Little Colorado River north to the San Juan River. Bowl exteriors are scraped and interiors polished. The surface color is bluish white to dead white. The forms of this type are bowls, jars, seed jars and pitchers. The black paint is carbon. The designs are on the bowl interiors and jar exteriors. Common elements are fine straight lines, singly or more often a parallel series of three to ten. Lines almost always carry over at the junctures. Other common elements are small solid triangles, sometimes with hooks, pendent dots, and ticked or pinnate lines. The brushwork on this type is very crude, and Lino Black-on-white is never polished