Inclusions

10-35%. eq & el. a-sr. <1.38 mm. Close to double-spacing. Randomly oriented. Unimodal, well- to poorly-sorted.

Dominant-Frequent (30-70%): Plagioclase feldspar; eq & el. a-sr. <0.61 mm. Mostly untwinned, some polysynthetic twinning; many are altered (replacement/staining); few are fractured.

Dominant-Common (15-70%): Volcanic glass; eq & el; a-sa. <0.52 mm. Well-preserved fine volcanic glass shards, some displaying signs of devitrification.

Frequent-Very Few (2-50%): Polycrystalline quartz; eq & el. sa-sr. <0.91 mm. In some cases, it is difficult to discern these inclusions from sandstone fragments that lack clear evidence of cementation between the quartz grains.

Frequent-Very Few (2-50%): Textural features; eq & el. sa-sr. <1.38 mm. Range in color from light brown (same as matrix) to orange-brown to dark red-brown; some have small phenocrysts within them (may be grog).

Common-Very Few (2-30%): Pumice; eq & el. a-sa. <0.61 mm. Fragments of intact pumice.

Common-Very Few (2-30%): Fine-grained volcanics; eq & el. a-sr. <1.12 mm. Colorless to pinkish-grey with dark opaques; some fragments with fibrous (felted) texture and undulous extinction in XPL that could be altered tuff.

Few-Very Few (2-15%): Coarse-grained volcanics; eq & el. sa-sr. <0.62 mm. Dark mafic fragments with elongate plagioclase grains (PP 194).

Few-Rare (0.5-15%): Opaques; eq & el. sa-sr. <0.33 mm. Most are isotropic and black;some are dark red-brown.

Matrix

60-89%. Non-calcareous. Yellowish light brown to dark brown in PPL, but some sherds are grayish-, reddish-, or orangish-brown (PP 6); colors under XPL vary from yellow to white with high optical activity to yellowish-orange and reddish-brown with moderate optical activity to yellowish-orange to dark brown with only slight optical activity.

Voids

<1-5%. Mostly meso- to macro-vughs with no discernible orientation. PP 1 is relatively porous for this fabric (7-10%) and has mostly micro- to macro-vughs but also rare megavughs.